Intego ni ugukomeza kugenzura no guha ubwisanzure ba nyiri ubwite ku makuru yabo bwite, bityo bigafasha kubahiriza uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bwabo bw’ibanze. Ibi by’umwihariko birebana n’uburenganzira ku mibereho bwite yabo, bujyanye n’amahame mpuzamahanga yo kurinda amakuru bwite, kandi ni ingenzi mu bukungu bwa none bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, bufasha serivisi nk’ubucuruzi bukorerwa kuri interineti, ihererekanya mpuzamahanga ry’amafaranga, ndetse n’izindi serivisi zitandukanye zikorerwa kuri interineti.

Intego nyamukuru z'iri Tegeko ni: 

• Guha abaturage ubushobozi bwo kugenzura no kwihitiramo uburyo amakuru yabo yihariye akoreshwa.

• Gushyiraho uburyo bwizewe kandi butekanye bwo guhererekanya amakuru, haba mu gihugu imbere cyangwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

• Gutanga icyizere gishingiye ku mategeko ku bigo bisanzwe bikora n’abashoramari bashya, no gushyiraho uburyo bukwiye bugamije gufasha ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse.

• Kongera umuvuduko ku cyerekezo cy’U Rwanda cyo kugera ku bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga no ku makuru.

• Abantu ku giti cyabo n’ibigo bikorera mu Rwanda, bitunganya amakuru bwite y’abantu mu Rwanda (si ku benegihugu gusa).

• Abantu ku giti cyabo n’ibigo bikorera bikorera hanze y’U Rwanda, bitunganya amakuru bwite y’abantu mu Rwanda. 

Nyiri ubwite ni umuntu wamenyekanye cyangwa ushobora kumenyekana, cyane cyane hashingiwe ku kintu kimuranga nk’izina, nimero y’indangamuntu, amakuru y’aho aherereye, ikimuranga mu buryo koranabuhanga cyangwa hashingiwe ku kintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi byihariye biranga imiterere y'umubiri we, imitekerereze ye, inkomoko ye, ubuzima bwe bwo mu mutwe, ubukungu, umuco cyangwa imibereho ye.

Amakuru bwite ni amakuru ayo ari yo yose yerekeye umuntu ku giti cye uzwi cyangwa ushobora kumenyekana, mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye, by'umwihariko hashingiwe ku kimuranga nk'izina, nimero imuranga, aho aherereye, ikimuranga mu buryo koranabuhanga cyangwa hashingiwe ku kintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi byihariye biranga imiterere y'umubiri we, imitekerereze ye, inkomoko ye, ubuzima bwe bwo mu mutwe, ubukungu, umuco cyangwa imibereho y'uwo muntu ku giti cye.

Imibereho bwite y’umuntu ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’umuntu bwo kwemeza undi muntu ushobora kubona amakuru bwite ye, igihe n’ahantu yayabonera, impamvu yayabona, uburyo akoresha ayabona n’uburyo bwakoreshwa kugira ngo agerweho

Amakuru bwite y’ibanga ni amakuru agaragaza isanomuzi y’umuntu, uko ubuzima bwe buhagaze, ko yafunzwe cyangwa atafunzwe, dosiye ye yo kwa muganga, inkomoko ye mu muryango, imyemerere ye ishingiye ku idini cyangwa ku mitekerereze, ibitekerezo bye bya politiki, amakuru ndangasano cyangwa ay’imiterere ye, ay’ubuzima bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa umwirondoro w’umuryango.

Genetic data means personal data relating to the general characteristics of an individual which are inherited or acquired and which provide unique information about the physiology or health of the individual and which result, in particular, from an analysis of a biological sample from the individual in question.

Biometric data means any personal data relating to the physical, physiological or behavioral characteristics of an individual which allow his unique identification, including fingerprint mapping, facial recognition, and retina.

Ibyiciro by'amakuru bwite y'ibanga birimo:

• Isanomuzi y’umuntu

• Imyemerere ye ishingiye ku idini cyangwa ku mitekerereze

• Inkomoko ye mu muryango

• Uko ubuzima bwe buhagaze

• Ay’ubuzima bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa umwirondoro w’umuryango

• Amakuru ndangasano cyangwa ay’imiterere ye

• Ko yafunzwe cyangwa atafunzwe

• Dosiye ye yo kwa muganga

Ni igikorwa kimwe cyangwa ibikorwa byinshi, bikozwe ku makuru bwite hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwikoresha cyangwa butikoresha, harimo kugera, kubona, gukusanya, kwandika, kunoza, kubika, guhuza cyangwa guhindura, kugarura, gusubiza, guhisha, kwifashisha, gukoresha, kumenyesha amakuru yerekeye umuntu ku giti cye ahererekanijwe, kuyahanahana, kuyahererekanya cyangwa kuyatanga, kuyagurisha, kubuza imikoreshereze yayo, gusiba cyangwa gusenya.

Umuntu ku giti cye, ikigo cya Leta cyangwa icy’abikorera cyangwa urwego bifite ubuzimagatozi, habaho cyangwa hatabaho ubufatanye, bitunganya amakuru bwite kandi bikagena uburyo bwo kuyatunganya.

umuntu ku giti cye, ikigo cya Leta cyangwa icy’abikorera cyangwa urwego bifite ubuzimagatozi byemerewe gutunganya amakuru bwite mu izina ry’umugenzuzi w’amakuru.

Ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ikigo cyangwa umuntu ataba ari umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru mu buryo bw’umwihariko. Ahubwo, ugomba kureba amakuru bwite ari gutunganywa n’ibikorwa byo kuyatunganya biri gukorwa, hanyuma ukareba ugena impamvu n’uburyo bw’iryo tunganywa ry’amakuru.

Ugomba kwibaza uti: Ese ni jye ugena:

• impamvu yo gukusanya amakuru bwite.

• uburyo bwemewe n’amategeko bwo gutunganya amakuru

• ubwoko bw'amakuru bwite akusanywa

• icyo amakuru bwite akoreshwa 

• abampa amakuru

• niba habaho itangazwa ry'amakuru bwite, mu gihe bibaye, kuri bande

• icyo kubwira abantu ku byerekeye itunganywa ry'amakuru

• uko ababaza iby'uburengazira bw'abantu basubizwa

• igihe amakuru amara abitswe cyangwa niba agomba guhindurwa mu buryo budasanzwe

Ibi ni ibyemezo bifatwa n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru gusa nka bumwe mu bubasha bwe bwo kugenzura ibikorwa by’itunganywa ry’amakuru. Niba ari wowe ugena impamvu n’uburyo amakuru atunganywa, uba uri umugenzuzi w’amakuru.

Niba wisanga ukurikiza amabwiriza y’undi muntu ku bijyanye no gutunganya amakuru bwite, ugahabwa amakuru bwite n’umukiriya cyangwa undi muntu, cyangwa ukabwirwa amakuru agomba gukusanywa, atari wowe ugena ikusanywa ry’amakuru y’abantu cyangwa amakuru agomba gukusanywa, icyo gihe uba uri utunganya amakuru.

Yego. Mu gihe utunganya amakuru ahawe ububasha bwo gutunganya amakuru bwite ku mpamvu zitandukanye n’izo umugenzi w’amakuru yari yatanze, utunganya amakuru ahita aba umugenzizi w’amakuru ku gice cy’iyo mirimo yo gutunganya amakuru.

Byongeye kandi, mu gihe ikigo ari cyo gishyiraho uburyo bwo gutunganya amakuru ndetse kikaba ari na cyo gitunganya ayo makuru ubwacyo, icyo kigo kiba ari umugenzuzi w’amakuru ndetse n’utunganya amakuru icyarimwe.

Umuntu ku giti cye, ikigo cya Leta cyangwa ikigo cy’abikorera, cyangwa indi sosiyete yemewe n’amategeko, ashobora kuba umugenzi w’amakuru ndetse n’utunganya amakuru icyarimwe igihe ari we ukora ibikorwa byerekeye inzingano za bombi.

The supervisory authority is a public authority that is charged with enforcement of this law relating to the protection of personal data and privacy. This law designates the National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) as the supervisory authority.

Ingingo ya 28 y’ Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu ivuga ku bubasha urwego rubifitiye ububasha rufite mu gushyira mu bikorwa inshingano zarwo zikubiye muri iri tegeko. Ubu bubasha burimo gutanga ibyemezo by’iyandikwa no gutanga ibihano byo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi, n’ibindi.

Yego. Ingingo ya 29 y’ Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu ivuga ku kwiyandikisha kw’abagenzuzi b’amakuru n’abatunganya amakuru. Umuntu wese ushaka kuba umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru agomba kwiyandikisha mu rwego rugenzura.

Urwego rugenzura rutanga icyemezo cy’iyandikwa ku wasabye kwiyandikisha nk’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru wujuje ibisabwa, mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) y’akazi uhereye ku munsi dosiye y’iyandikwa yakiriwe.

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru ufite icyemezo cy’iyandikwa ashobora gusaba ko icyemezo cye cyongererwa igihe, mu gihe cy’iminsi mirongo ine n’itanu (45) y’akazi mbere y’uko icyemezo asanganywe kirangira.

Ukwemera kwa nyiri ubwite ni kugaragaza mu bwisanzure ibyifuzo bye nta gahato, bishingiye ku bisobanuro yahawe bitarimo urujijo, yumvikanisha akoresheje imvugo, uburyo bw’inyandiko cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa igikorwa kigaragara kandi gisobanutse ko yemeye itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite ye.

• Kwemera kwa nyiri ubwite bigomba kuba biciye mu mucyo, bishingiye ku makuru yuzuye kandi bishidikanywho, binyuze mu kugaragaza intego z’icyiciro cyose cy’itunganywa ry’amakuru.

• Kwisubiraho ku kwemera bigomba kuba byoroshye igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi ntibigire ingaruka ku buryo amategeko y’itunganywa ry’amakuru yubahirizwa.

• Kwemera bigomba gukorwa mu mvugo, uburyo bw’inyandiko cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga

• Kwemera kugomba gukorwa muri rumwe mu ndimi zemewe n’amategeko kandi rwumva na nyiri ubwite.

• Mu gihe cy’ikusanywa ry’amakuru, nyiri ubwite akwiye  kumenyeshwa ko afite uburenganzira bwo kwisubiraho igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.

Yego. Itegeko mu ngingo yaryo ya 9, rivuga ko iyo umugenzuzi w’amakuru, utunganya amakuru cyangwa undi muntu azi ko ari ay’umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, agomba kubyemererwa n’ufite ububasha bwa kibyeyi kuri uwo mwana hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.

Imwe mu ngingo ziri mu Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu  igaragaza ko hakenewe gushyirwaho umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru (DPO) mu gihe cyose hakorwa ibikorwa byo gutunganya amakuru bwite (Ingingo ya 40).

Ikigo cyawe cyaba gikora nk’umugenzuzi w’amakuru, utunganya amakuru , cyangwa ukora byombi icyarimwe, iri tegeko ritegeka ko hagomba gushyirwaho umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru. Kudashyiraho umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru bwite bifatwa nk’ikosa ryo mu rwego rw’ubuyobozi (Ingingo ya 53).

Hakurikijwe Ingingo ya 40, inshingano z’ingenzi umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru afite, ni:

• Kumenyesha no kugira inama umugenzuzi w’amakuru, utunganya amakuru, ndetse n’abakozi bose batunganya amakuru bwite ku nshingano zabo ziteganywa n’iri Tegeko.

• Kugenzura, aho akorera, iyubahirizwa ry’iri Tegeko n’amabwiriza y’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru ku bijyanye no kurinda amakuru bwite, harimo kugena inshingano, gukora ubukangurambaga, kongera ubumenyi, guhugura abakozi batunganya amakuru bwite, ndetse no gukora igenzura.

• Gutanga inama iyo zisabwe ku bijyanye n’isesengura ry’ingaruka zo kurinda amakuru (DPIA) no kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryazo.

• Gukorana n’urwego rugenzura no kuba uwo bakorana mu gihe habayeho ibibazo bijyanye no gutunganya amakuru bwite, harimo kugisha inama urwego rugenzura ndetse no kugisha inama, aho bikenewe, ku bindi bibazo byose.

Umutwe wa II w’Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu riteganya uburenganzira bwa ba nyiri ubwite. Iri Tegeko rishimangira uburenganzira bwabo rigena uburenganzira bukomeye burimo:

1. Uburenganzira bwo kwisubiraho kwa nyiri ubwite (Ingingo ya 8)

2. Uburenganzira ku makuru bwite (Ingingo ya 18)

3. Uburenganzira bwo gutambamira (Ingingo ya 19)

4. Uburenganzira bwo gusubizwa no guhererekanya amakuru bwite (Ingingo ya 20)

5. Uburenganzira bwo kutagengwa n’icyemezo hashingiwe ku itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite ryikoresha (Ingingo ya 21)

6. Uburenganzira bwo kubuza gutunganya amakuru bwite (Ingingo ya 22)

7. Uburenganzira bwo gusiba amakuru bwite (Ingingo ya 23)

8. Uburenganzira bwo gukosora (Ingingo ya 24)

9. Uburenganzira bwo kugena umuzungura ku makuru bwite (Ingingo ya 25)

10. Uburenganzira bwo guhagararirwa (Ingingo ya 26)

Iyo umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru bamenye ko amakuru bwite ari ay’umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’itandatu (16), bagomba kubanza kubona uburenganzira bw’umuntu ufite inshingano z’ububyeyi cyangwa urera ku mwana, hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga. Ibindi by’umwihariko bigaragara mu ngingo ya 9.

Ni izihe nshingano z’umugenzuzi w’amakuru n’utunganya amakuru?

Umutwe wa VI w’Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu ufitanye isano n’umubare w’inshingano zireba umugenzuzi w’amakuru n’utunganya amakuru kugira ngo gutunganya amakuru bwite bikorwe mu buryo buboneye kandi bwemewe n’amategeko, harimo:

Amahame yerekeranye no gutunganya amakuru bwite

Abagenzuzi b’amakuru n’abatunganya amakuru bagomba kubahiriza ko itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite rikozwe mu buryo bukurikije amategeko, butabogamye, bunyuze mu mucyo, buboneye, bufitanye isano, butarimo ukwibeshya, bubika amakuru igihe gikwiriye kandi rihura n’icyo rigamije. Ibi bikorwa hubahirizwa uburenganzira bwa ba nyiri ubwite.

Inshingano z’umugenzuzi w’amakuru n’utunganya amakuru

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru n’utunganya amakuru bagomba kwemeza ko amakuru bwite atunganywa hubahirijwe amategeko, kandi bakabasha kugaragaza ko bubahirije ayo mategeko binyuze mu ngamba zitandukanye zirimo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo mu rwego rwa tekiniki n’urw’imitunganyirize, kubika inyandiko z’ibikorwa by’itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite, ndetse no gushyiraho umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru n’izindi ngamba..

Amakuru atangwa mu gihe cyo gukusanya amakuru bwite

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru akusanya amakuru bwite iyo hari ikigamijwe cyemewe n’amategeko gifitanye isano n’igikorwa cye kandi iyo ayo makuru bwite akenewe kugira ngo ikigamijwe kigerweho. Amakuru atangwa kuri nyiri ubwite mu gihe cyo gukusanya amakuru bwite ari mu ngingo ya 42.

Imenyekanisha ku ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite

Igihe umugenzuzi w’amakuru amenye ko habayeho ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite, agomba kubimenyesha urwego rugenzura mu masaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48) nyuma yo kubimenya. Iyo utunganya amakuru amenye ko habayeho ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite, agomba kubimenyesha umugenzuzi w’amakuru mu masaha mirongo ine n’umunani (48) nyuma yo kubimenya.

Raporo ku ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru akora raporo ku ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite, akayishyikiriza urwego rugenzura mu gihe kitarenze amasaha mirongo irindwi n’abiri (72) hamwe n’ibimenyetso byose bihari. Ibigomba kuba biri muri raporo bigaragara mu ngingo ya 44.

Kumenyesha nyiri ubwite ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite

Iyo kuvogera amakuru bwite bishobora kubangamira uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bya nyiri ubwite, umugenzuzi w’amakuru akimara kubimenya abimenyesha nyiri ubwite mu buryo bw’inyandiko cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga ko amakuru bwite ye yavogerewe. Icyakora, hari irengayobora mu ngingo ya 45.

Gutunganya amakuru bwite mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko

Itegeko rigena ibisabwa nk’ishingiro ryemewe n’amategeko mu itunganywa ry’amakuru mu ngingo ya 46.

Ingamba zo kugenzura umutekano w’amakuru bwite

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru agomba kurinda amakuru bwite afite, binyuze mu gufata ingamba zikwiye, zumvikana zo mu rwego rwa tekiniki kugira ngo hirindwe itakara, iyangirika cyangwa isenywa ry’amakuru bwite. Ingamba zo kugenzura umutekano w’amakuru bwite zisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 47.

Umutwe wa VII w’Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu wibanda ku guhanahana, guhererekanya, kubika no gukomeza kubika amakuru bwite.

Ibikwa ry’amakuru bwite

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru abika amakuru bwite mu Rwanda.

Icyakora, kubika amakuru bwite hanze y’u Rwanda byemewe gusa iyo umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru afite icyemezo cy’iyandikwa kimwemerera kubika amakuru bwite hanze y'u Rwanda gitangwa n’urwego rugenzura.

Ihanahana n’ihererekanya ry’amakuru bwite hanze y’u Rwanda

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru ashobora guhanahana cyangwa guhererekanya amakuru bwite n’undi muntu hanze y’u Rwanda iyo yabiherewe uruhushya n’urwego rugenzura. Ibindi bisabwa bisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 48 n’iya 49.

Kwimura no gucunga amakuru bwite nyuma yo guhindura cyangwa gufunga ibikorwa

Urwego rugenzura rushyiraho amabwiriza agena uburyo bwo kwimura no gucunga amakuru bwite mu gihe ibikorwa by’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru bihindutse cyangwa bifunzwe..

Igihe amakuru bwite amara abitswe

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru abika amakuru bwite kugeza igihe ikigamijwe mu itunganywa ryayo kigezweho. Ariko, hari umwihariko ugaragara mu ngingo ya 52.

Yego. Ibyaha, amakosa yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi ndetse n’ibihano byabyo ni ibi bikurikira:

Ibyaha:

• Kubona, gukusanya, gukoresha, gutanga, guhanahana, guhererekanya cyangwa gutangaza amakuru (Ingingo ya 56)

• Gusenya, gusiba, guhisha cyangwa guhindura amakuru bwite mu buryo bunyuranyije n’iri tegeko (Ingingo ya 58)

• Gusubiza ku makuru bwite ibiyaranga byakuweho mu buryo bunyuranyije n’iri tegeko (Ingingo ya 57)

• Kugurisha amakuru bwite mu buryo bunyuranyije n’iri tegeko (Ingingo ya 59)

• Gukusanya cyangwa gutunganya amakuru bwite y’ibanga mu buryo bunyuranyije n’iri tegeko (Ingingo ya 60)

• Gutanga amakuru atari yo (Ingingo ya 61)

Ibihano:

• Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru ukoze kimwe mu byaha bivugwa mu ngingo ya 56, iya 57, iya 58, iya 59, iya 60 n’iya 61 aba bikoze icyaha. Iyo ahamijwe n'urukiko, ahanishwa ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda angana na gatanu ku ijana (5%) by’amafaranga y’ibyo yacuruje mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wabanje.

• Urukiko rushobora kandi gutegeka gufunga by’agateganyo cyangwa burundu ikigo cyangwa urwego bifite ubuzimagatozi cyangwa ahakorerwa imirimo hakorewe kimwe mu byaha biteganyijwe muri iri tegeko.

Amakosa yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi:

• kutabika inyandiko z’amakuru bwite yatunganyijwe;

• kutandika icyakozwe ku makuru bwite yatunganyijwe;

• gukora nta cyemezo cy’iyandikwa;

• kutamenyekanisha impinduka nyuma yo guhabwa icyemezo cy’iyandikwa;

• gukoresha icyemezo cy’iyandikwa cyarengeje igihe;

• kudashyiraho umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru bwite;

• kutamenyekanisha ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite;

• kudakora raporo ku ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite;

• kutamenyesha nyiri ubwite ivogerwa ry’amakuru bwite

Sanctions:

• Umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru ahanishwa rimwe ku ijana (1%) by’amafaranga y’ibyacurujwe mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wabanje.

• Urwego rugenzura rushobora gushyiraho amabwiriza agena andi makosa n’ibindi bihano byo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi bitateganyijwe muri iri tegeko.

• Ku makuru bwite yamaze gukusanywa

• Ku makuru mashya yakusanyijwe.

• Ibikwa ry’amakuru bwite

• Ihanahana n’ihererekanya ry’amakuru bwite 

• Imikorere y’imbere mu kigo

  1. Imiryango y’ubugiraneza n’ishingiye ku madini

  2. Ibigo by’umutekano (harimo n’ibikoresha kamera z’umutekano za CCTV).

  3. Imikino y’amahirwe

  4. Ikigo cy’uburezi

  5. Imiyoborere mu by’ubuzima n’itangwa ry’ubuvuzi ku barwayi

  6. Ibigo bikora mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo n’amahoteli, ariko hatarimo abayobora ba mukerarugendo

  7. Imicungire y’umutungo, harimo no kugurisha ubutaka

  8. Itangwa rya serivisi z’imari

  9. Abatanga serivisi z’itumanaho cyangwa imiyoboro ya telefoni

  10. Ibigo byibanda ku kwamamaza ku buryo butaziguye.

  11. Ibigo bitanga serivisi z’ubwikorezi (harimo n’ibikoresha porogaramu zo gutumiza imodoka kuri interneti)

  12. Ibigo bitunganya amakuru ndangasano cyangwa ay’imiterere

  13. Ibigo byose bikoresha amakuru bwite y’abantu.

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru n’utunganya amakuru bahawe igihe cy’inzibacyuho kugeza ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 2023 kugira ngo buhuze imikorere yabo n’ibisabwa n’itegeko rigenga itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite (Ingingo ya 67).

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru asabwa kubanza kwiyandikisha mu rwego rugenzura. Utunganya amakuru we asabwa kubanza kubona uburenganzira butangwa n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru no kwiyandikisha mu rwego rugenzura. (Ingingo ya 4, 29 na 30).

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru n’utunganya amakuru babika amakuru bwite mu Rwanda. Iyo hakenewe kubika amakuru bwite hanze y’u Rwanda, bisaba uruhushya kugira ngo byemerwe. (Ingingo ya 50).

Uruhushya rurakenerwa kugira ngo hemerwe ihanahana n’ihererekanya ry’amakuru bwite hanze y’u Rwanda. (Ingingo ya 48).

Gushyiraho umukozi ushinzwe kurinda amakuru bwite no gushyiraho ingamba zo mu rwego rwa tekiniki zikwiriye kandi zifite ishingiro zo kurinda ko amakuru bwite atakara, yangirika cyangwa asenywa. (Ingingo ya 40 na 47).

Niba uri umuntu ku giti cye, ikigo cya Leta cyangwa icy’abikorera cyangwa urwego bifite ubuzimagatozi gitunganya a makuru bwite ku mpamvu zavuzwe haruguru, ugomba kwiyandikisha nk’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru mu Rwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe Umutekano w’Ikoranabuhanga (NCSA).

Yego, Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu ritangira gukurikizwa ako kanya. Ariko, ibigo n’abantu bari basanzwe bakora ibikorwa byo gutunganya amakuru y’abantu mu Rwanda bahawe igihe cy’inzibacyuho kugeza ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 2023 kugira ngo babe bujuje ibisabwa byose n’iri tegeko rishya.

Mu Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu ni ukugaragaza mu bwisanzure ibyifuzo bya nyiri ubwite nta gahato bishingiye ku bisobanuro yahawe bitarimo urujijo, yumvikanisha akoresheje imvugo, uburyo bw’inyandiko cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa igikorwa kigaragara kandi gisobanutse ko yemeye itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite.

Hari inzira ebyiri zishoboka cyane cyane ku bijyanye no gutunganya amakuru no ku bisabwa mu kwiyandikisha kugira ngo amakuru bwite ajyanwe hanze y’u Rwanda:

• Uburenganzira buteganyijwe mu ngingo ya 48 (1) y’Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite bwo kohereza amakuru bwite hanze y’u Rwanda butangwa mu gihe cyo kwiyandikisha kugira ngo ukore nk’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru; ibi byuzuza Ingingo ya 30 (7) y’iri tegeko isaba usaba kwiyandikisha kugaragaza igihugu ateganya koherezamo amakuru bwite mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye.

• Gusaba uburenganzira bwo kohereza amakuru bwite hanze y’u Rwanda bishobora no gukorwa nyuma yo kwiyandikisha, bitewe n’impamvu zidasanzwe zo gutunganya amakuru hanze y’igihugu, hakurikijwe uko imirimo cyangwa ubucuruzi bihinduka, ndetse n’izindi mpamvu zisobanurwa mu ngingo ya 48 (2–3). Ibi bigomba no kwitabwaho hashingiwe ku bwirinzi bukwiye nk’uko buteganywa n’itegeko. Icyitonderwa: Niba ubu buryo bwa kabiri buza nyuma yo kwiyandikisha, usaba asabwa guhindura icyemezo cy’iyandikisha..

Buri wese utunganya cyangwa wifuza gutunganya amakuru bwite, yaba asanzwe atunganya amakuru cyangwa ashaka gukora nk’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru, agomba kwiyandikisha.

Ni ugukura ibimemenyetso bishobora kumenyekanisha umuntu ku makuru bwite, hagamijwe kuyarinda.

Ayo makuru akomeza kuba amakuru hagati ya nyir’ubwite n’abagenzuzi b’amakuru cyangwa abatunganya amakuru; bivuze ko gukuramo ibimenyetso byatuma umuntu amenyekana bikwiye kumvikana nk’uburyo bwo kurinda imibereho bwite y’umuntu.

Itegeko rikurikizwa ku muntu ku giti cye cyangwa ku kigo gifite ubuzima gatozi gitunganya  amakuru bwite, yaba ari amakuru yakiriwe n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru aturutse kuri nyir’ubwite, cyangwa amakuru yakiriwe n’utunganya amakuru aturutse ku mugenzuzi w’amakuru. Umuntu ku giti cye ni ikiremwamuntu, atandukanye n’ikigo gifite ubuzima gatozi.

Benshi muri twe duha amakuru bwite yacu ku bigo bitandukanye nk’inzego za Leta, amabanki, ibigo by’ubwishingizi, ibitaro, ndetse n’ibigo by’itumanaho kugira ngo tubone serivisi cyangwa twuzuze ibisabwa. Ibyo bigo bishobora kandi kubona amakuru atwerekeyeho biyakuye ahandi.

Twita ‘abagenzuzi b’amakuru’ abantu cyangwa ibigo bigena ibikubiye mu makuru bwite yacu ndetse n’ukuntu akoreshwa.

Hakurikijwe Itegeko Nº 058/2021 ryo ku wa 13/10/2021 ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu, ufite uburenganzira ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze y’amakuru bwite yawe, kandi abagenzuzi b’amakuru bafite inshingano ziteganyijwe zerekeye uburyo bayatunganya.

Ni amakuru ayo ari yo yose yerekeye umuntu ku giti cye uzwi cyangwa ushobora kumenyekana, mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye, by'umwihariko hashingiwe ku kimuranga nk'izina, nimero imuranga, aho aherereye, ikimuranga mu buryo koranabuhanga cyangwa hashingiwe ku kintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi byihariye biranga imiterere y'umubiri we, imitekerereze ye, inkomoko ye, ubuzima bwe bwo mu mutwe, ubukungu, umuco cyangwa imibereho y'uwo muntu ku giti cye.

Ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze bw’umuntu bwo kwemeza undi muntu ushobora kubona amakuru bwite ye, igihe n’ahantu yayabonera, impamvu yayabona, uburyo akoresha ayabona n’uburyo bwakoreshwa kugira ngo agerweho

Iyo uhaye ikigo cyangwa umuntu amakuru bwite yawe, baba bafite inshingano zo kuyabika mu ibanga no kuyabungabunga. Icyo ni cyo cyitwa kurinda amakuru.

Niba utishimiye uburyo amakuru bwite yawe akoreshwa, ukwiye kwegera ikigo cyangwa umuntu uri gukoresha amakuru yawe. Niba icyo kigo cyangwa uwo muntu akomeje kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwawe bwo ku makuru bwite yawe, ukwiye kuvugana n’Ibiro bishinzwe Kurinda Amakuru bwite kugira ngo uhabwe ubufasha.

Ufite uburenganzira butandukanye igihe ikigo cyangwa umuntu afashe kandi akandika amakuru yawe bwite.

Uburenganzira bw’uko amakuru yawe bwite akoreshwa hubahirijwe amategeko

Umugenzuzi ugufitiye amakuru agomba:

• Kuyafata no kuyakoresha mu buryo buboneye;

• Kuyabika ku mpamvu imwe cyangwa nyinshi zagaragajwe neza kandi zemewe n’amategeko;

• Kuyakoresha no kumenyekanisha aya makuru mu buryo buhuye n’izo mpamvu

• Kuyarinda neza;

• Kuyagaragaza mu buryo bukwiye, bwuzuye kandi bujyanye n’igihe;

• Kuyabika igihe gikwiriye gusa ku mpamvu zagaragajwe;

• Kuguha kopi y’amakuru bwite yawe igihe uyisabye.

Uburenganzira ku makuru bwite

1. Abagenzuzi b'amakuru bagusaba amakuru yawe bwite bagomba kukumenyesha:

   • izina ry'ikigo cyangwa iry'ukwaka amakuru cyangwa uwabatumye gusaba ayo makuru;

   • impamvu bagusaba amakuru bwite yawe;

   • andi makuru yose ushobora gukenera kugira ngo umenye neza ko amakuru bwite yawe utunganywa mu buryo buboneye — urugero, amakuru yerekeye ibindi bigo cyangwa abantu bashobora guhabwa amakuru bwite yawe. data.

    

   Iyo ikigo cyangwa umuntu abona amakuru bwite yawe atayakuye kuri wowe ahubwo ayakuye ahandi, agomba kukumenyesha amakuru afite ndetse akaguha izina ry’umugenzuzi w’amakuru yayakuyeho.

   Ubu burenganzira ntibukoreshwa, nyamara kutabukoresha, rimwe na rimwe bushobora guhungabanya inyungu zimwe — urugero, ni nk'igihe umuntu ari mu iperereza ku cyaha.

2. Uburenganzira bwo kumenya niba amakuru yawe bwite abitswe:

   Niba utekereza ko ikigo cyangwa umuntu ashobora kuba abitse amwe mu makuru bwite yawe, ushobora kubasaba kubyemeza. Iyo koko bafite amakuru bwite yawe, bagomba kukubwira amakuru bafite ndetse bakaguha n’impamvu bayabitse hamwe n’aho yaturutse.

   Ushobora kwaka ayo makuru kandi nta kiguzi

3. Uburenganzira bwo kumenya niba amakuru bwite yawe yaroherejwe mu kindi gihugu cyangwa mu kigo mpuzamahanga.

   Mu byavuzwe byose haruguru, umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru agomba kugusubiza mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku munsi yakiriye ubusabe.

   Niba utanyuzwe n’igisubizo uhawe n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru, ushobora kujuririra Ibiro bishinzwe Kurinda Amakuru bwite mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku munsi wakiriye igisubizo.

Uburenganzira bwo gukosora amakuru yawe

Niba usanze umugenzuzi w’amakuru afite amakuru yawe atari yo, ushobora kumusaba kuyakosora.

Ushobora kwandikira ikigo cyangwa umuntu, usobanura impungenge zawe cyangwa ugaragaza amakuru atari yo. Mu minsi 30, icyo kigo kigomba gukora ibyo wasabye cyangwa kikagusobanurira impamvu bitazakorwa.

Uburenganzira bwo gutambamira

Umugenzuzi w’amakuru ashobora kuba afite umugambi wo gukoresha amakuru yawe ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko, mu nyungu rusange cyangwa mu nyungu ze bwite. Ariko niba wumva ko ibyo bishobora kukugiraho ingaruka mbi, nko kugutera igihombo, agahinda cyangwa impungenge, ushobora kumusaba kudakomeza gukoresha amakuru yawe bwite.

Ariko ubu burenganzira ntibukoreshwa igihe umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru yerekanye impamvu zemewe n’amategeko zikomeye zituma itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite rikomeza.

Urugero

• wamaze kwemera ko umugenzuzi w’amakuru ashobora gukoresha amakuru bwite yawe;

• umugenzuzi w’amakuru akeneye amakuru bwite yawe hashingiwe ku masezerano wemeye;

• umugenzuzi w’amakuru akeneye amakuru yawe ku mpamvu zemewe n’amategeko.

Ufite uburenganzira bwo gusaba umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru guhagarika itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite y awe igihe akoreshwa mu kwamamaza, harimo no kugukorera ishusho mu gihe bifitanye isano n’iryo yamamaza.

Nta kiguzi bigusaba.

Uburenganzira bwo kubuza gutunganya amakuru bwite

Ufite uburenganzira bwo kubuza umugenzuzi w’amakuru gutunganya amakuru bwite yawe mu gihe runaka niba;

• Wasabye ko amakuru bwite yawe agenzurwa kuko utizeye ukuri kwayo

• Ibyo gutunganya amakuru bitemewe n’amategeko kandi wanasabye ko amakuru bwite yawe asibwa

• Wanze ko amakuru yawe bwite akomeza gutunganywa

Ubu burenganzira ntibukoreshwa igihe itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite:

• riri ngombwa kugira ngo harindwe uburenganzira bw’undi muntu

• riri ngombwa kubera impamvu z’inyungu rusange

Uburenganzira bwo gusubizwa no guhererekanya amakuru bwite

Ufite uburenganzira bwo gusaba umugenzuzi w’amakuru kongera kukoherereza amakuru bwite yawe nk’uko wayatanze.

Ufite kandi uburenganzira bwo gusaba umugenzuzi w’amakuru ko amakuru bwite yawe yoherejwe ku wundi mugenzuzi w’amakuru, aho bishoboka mu buryo bwa tekiniki, kandi nta nzitizi.

Mu byavuzwe byose haruguru, umugenzuzi w’amakuru agomba kugusubiza mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku munsi yakiriye ubusabe bwawe.

Niba utanyuzwe n’igisubizo cyatanzwe n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru, ushobora kujuririra Ibiro bishinzwe Kurinda Amakuru bwite mu gihe kitarenze iminsi mirongo itatu (30) uhereye ku munsi wakiriye igisubizo.

Uburenganzira bwo gusiba amakuru bwite

Ufite uburenganzira bwo gusaba umugenzuzi w’amakuru gusiba amakuru bwite yawe aho:

• Amakuru bwite yawe ntakiri ngombwa ku byereke impamvu yakusanyijwe;

• Wisubiyeho ku kwemera kwari ishingiro ryo gutunganya amakuru bwite yawe, kandi nta yindi mpamvu yemewe n’amategeko yo gukomeza kuyatunganya;

• Wanze ko amakuru yawe bwite akomeza gutunganywa kandi nta mpamvu yemewe n’amategeko iruta uburenganzira bwawe bwo kubyanga; 

• Amakuru bwite yawe yatunganyijwe mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko

Ariko, uburenganzira bwo gusaba gusibwa kw’amakuru bwite ntibukoreshwa aho itunganywa ry’ayo makuru ari ngombwa nk’uko biteganywa n’iri Tegeko, urugero ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange.

Uburenganzira bwo kugena umuzungura ku makuru bwite

Amakuru bwite yawe ntaba ari mu byo uraga, ariko iyo wasize umurage, uha uzagusimbura uburenganzira busesuye cyangwa budasesuye ku bijyanye no gutunganya amakuru bwite yawe abitswe n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru cyangwa utunganya amakuru, igihe ayo makuru akiri ngombwa gukoreshwa.

Uburenganzira bwo guhagararirwa

Ufite uburengazira bwo guhagararirwa igihe:

• Uri munsi y'imyaka cumi n'itandatu (16)

• Ufite ubumuga bw’umubiri kandi utabasha kwihagararira

• Ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bwemejwe n’umuganga wemewe na Leta kandi ntubasha kwihagararira 

• Ufite indi mpamvu iyo ari yo yose, aho ugaragarirwa n’undi muntu

Muri ibyo bivuzwe haruguru, ugomba gutanga inyandiko yemeza ubuhagararizi mu buryo bujyanye n’amategeko abigenga.

Uburenganzira bwo kutagengwa n’icyemezo hashingiwe ku itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite ryikoresha

Ufite uburenganzira bwo kutagengwa n’icyemezo cyafatwa hashingiwe gusa ku itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite ryikoresha harimo gukora ishusho y’amakuru ashobora kukugiraho ingaruka zo mu rwego rw’amategeko cyangwa ingaruka zikomeye.

Urugero, ibyemezo nk’ibi bishobora kuba birebana n’imikorere yawe mu kazi.

Ariko, ubu burenganzira ntibukoreshwa igihe itunganywa ry’amakuru:

• rishingiye ku kwemera kwawe kwagaragajwe mu buryo bweruye;

• riri ngombwa kugira ngo winjire cyangwa ushyire mu bikorwa amasezerano hagati yawe n’umugenzuzi w’amakuru;

• ryemejwe n’andi mategeko

Uburenganzira ku kurindwa kw'amakuru yawe bugufasha kwemeza ko amakuru yawe abitswe ari:

• ukuri;

• abonwa gusa n'ababyemerewe gusa; kandi

• akoreshwa ku mpamvu yavuzwe gusa

Ufite uburenganzira bwo kurindwa kw’amakuru yawe igihe:

• Abitswe muri mudasobwa; 

• Abitswe ku mpapuro cyangwa mu buryo bwanditse busanzwe

• Agizwe n’amafoto cyangwa amashusho agaragaza isura yawe, cyangwa ijwi ryawe ryafashwe. 

Niba uhaka kubona amakuru yawe, ohereza ibaruwa ku kigo cyangwa umuntu ufite amakuru yawe bwite, ubasabe kuguha kopi yayo. Ayo makuru agomba kuba yoroshye kumenya ayo ari yo.

Mu busabe bwawe, ugomba:

• Gutanga amakuru ashobora gufasha umuntu kukumenya no kubona amakuru yawe. Urugero, nka nimero ya konti yawe, aderesi wakoresheje mbere, cyangwa itariki y’amavuko.

• Gusobanura neza amakuru ushaka kubona niba hari ayo wifuza by’umwihariko. Ibi bizafasha ikigo cyangwa umuntu ubisabye kugusubiza vuba kandi neza.

Urugero rw’amagambo wakoresha usaba amakuru yawe:                     

Nyakubahwa Ushinzwe Kurinda Amakuru bwite,

Hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 058/2021 ryo ku wa 13/10/2021 ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu, ndifuza gusaba uburenganzira bwo kubona kopi y’amakuru yanjye yose mubitse, haba ari kuri mudasobwa cyangwa yanditse mu buryo busanzwe.

[Numero ya konti yanjye ni ...] 

[Itariki y’amavuko yanjye ni ...] 

[Ahahoze ari aderesi yanjye ni ...]

Mugire amahoro,

[Izina]

Abakozi b’Ibiro bishinzwe kurinda amakuru bwite bagamije gutuma uburenganzira bwawe bwubahirizwa no gutuma abagenzuzi b’amakuru n’abatunganya amakuru bashyira mu bikorwa amategeko. Niba hari ikigo cyangwa umuntu utubahirije amategeko, ukaba utanyuzwe n’ubusobanuro bwabo ku mpungenge zawe, ushobora gutanga ikirego mu Biro bishinzwe kurinda amakuru bwite.

Ni gute namenyesha Ibiro bishinzwe kurinda amakuru bwite?

Niba ucyeneye amakuru ku burenganzira bwawe, watumenyesha ukoresheje telefoni cyangwa emeyili. 

Aderesi: 18KG Ave, A&P Building, Ground Floor, Kacyiru

Emeyili: dpp@dpo.gov.rw

Umurongo utishyurwa: 9080

Amakuru bwite ni amakuru ayo ari yo yose yerekeye umuntu ku giti cye uzwi cyangwa ushobora kumenyekana, mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye, by'umwihariko hashingiwe ku kimuranga nk'izina, nimero imuranga, aho aherereye, ikimuranga mu buryo koranabuhanga cyangwa hashingiwe ku kintu kimwe cyangwa byinshi byihariye biranga imiterere y'umubiri we, imitekerereze ye, inkomoko ye, ubuzima bwe bwo mu mutwe, ubukungu, umuco cyangwa imibereho y'uwo muntu ku giti cye.

Amakuru bwite y’ibanga ni amakuru agaragaza isanomuzi y’umuntu, uko ubuzima bwe buhagaze, ko yafunzwe cyangwa atafunzwe, dosiye ye yo kwa muganga, inkomoko ye mu muryango, imyemerere ye ishingiye ku idini cyangwa ku mitekerereze, ibitekerezo bye bya politiki, amakuru ndangasano cyangwa ay’imiterere ye, ay’ubuzima bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina cyangwa umwirondoro w’umuryango.

Yego. Itegeko mu ngingo yaryo ya 9, rivuga ko iyo umugenzuzi w’amakuru, utunganya amakuru cyangwa undi muntu azi ko ari ay’umwana utarageza ku myaka cumi n’itandatu (16) y’amavuko, agomba kubyemererwa n’ufite ububasha bwa kibyeyi kuri uwo mwana hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.

Mu Itegeko ryerekeye kurinda amakuru bwite n’imibereho bwite by’umuntu, ukwemera kwa nyiri ubwite kugomba kugaragaza mu bwisanzure ibyifuzo bya nyiri ubwite nta gahato bishingiye ku bisobanuro yahawe bitarimo urujijo, yumvikanisha akoresheje imvugo, uburyo bw’inyandiko cyangwa bw’ikoranabuhanga cyangwa igikorwa kigaragara kandi gisobanutse ko yemeye itunganywa ry’amakuru bwite